Society+&+Economy+1700-1850

=toc= =1619 African slaves first bought at Jamestown, Virginia= Around 1619, the Dutch took African slaves to the colony of Jamestown on what was called back then, the new world. The first slaves came with some tobacco that the Captain had bought and so he decided to sell the "slaves" in Jamestown Virginia. It was probably assumed that after the delivery that they were auctioned off and sold to the highest bidder and they would work there till death. After the first delivery, the amount of slaves that were brought over from Africa increased by the hundreds and more and more died on the journey there. The first 20 slaves were fine because they had room in their storage area and were less likely to spread disease to the other slaves on board the ship. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/When_did_the_first_black_slaves_arrive_in_Jamestown_Virginia =1661-1683 Colbert seeks to stimulate French economic Growth's idea= Mercantilism was the main theory behind all of Jean Baptist Colbert's ideas. In an attempt to save France, he tried to make the country more self sufficient to further improve the economy. Regulating industries was a difficult thing to do alone so he set up guilds to help him with the regulation of the major industries. A quote said by Colbert "It is simple, and solely, the abundance of the money within a state which makes the difference in grandeur and power." This quote means that it is the amount of money that a country has that will determine how much that the country can do for it's people. Some of his major reputation came from improving French manufacturing and bringing the economy back from a bankruptcy. Some of the main parts of Colbert's ideas were to balance trade and to build a general academy. =1719 Mississippi Bubble in France= The Mississippi Bubble was a financial scheme in early 18th century France. The scheme was executed by John Law, a Scottish economic theorist and financial genius. In 1716 Law established the BanqueGenerale, a bank with the authority to issue notes. A year later he established the Compagnie d'occident ("Company of the West") and obtained for it exclusive privileges to develop the vast French territories in the Mississippi River valley of North America. In 1719, Law's company held a complete monopoly of France's colonial trade. Law also took over the collection of French taxes and the minting of money; in effect, he controlled both the country's foreign trade and its finances. Given the potential for the profits involved, public form 500 to 18,000 livres, which was out of proportion to earnings. A frenzy of wild speculation ensued that led to a general stock-market boom across Europe. The French government took advantage of this situation by printing increased amounts of paper money. Ths went on until the excessive issue of paper money stimulated galloping inflation, and both the paper money and the billets d' etat began to lose their value. Meanwhile the expected profits from the company's colonial ventures were slow to materialize, and the intricate linking of the company's stock with the stat's finances ended in complete disaster in 1720, when the value of the shares plummeted, causing a general stock market crash in France and other countries. Though the crash was not directly attributable to Law, he was the obvious scapegoat and was forced to flee France in December 1720. The enormous debts of his company and bank were soon afterward consolidated and taken over by the state, which raised taxes in order to retire it. []

=1750s Agricultural Revolution in Britain= Agriculture was originally open field with the same crop growing every season. To help fuel the industrial revolution this needed to change. It changed with the new technological advances from the post-Renaissance era.the use of basic machinery and the new ways of agriculture was also used to help reinvent agriculture. One of these new ways of farming was the four way crop rotation that switched the crops out every growing season. This allowed the old way of agriculture to flourish into a new type of agriculture. This helped make a new population increase in Britain and helped feed the new worker force. This helped make more jobs and a increase the work force for the upcoming industrial revolution and helped feed the new increased population later to come. []

=1733 John Kay's flying shuttle=

=1763 Britain becomes dominant in India= In May of 1748, European traders arrived in India for the first time and told Britain about the wonders that lie in India. After word from the traders, the British began different was to be able to access these riches but also not to make war with the Indians either. The British then set up the East Indian Trading Company which helped to access these riches of India. Other countries such as Portugal wanted a part in this so Britain needed to fight off Portuguese navy in 1610 to continue to have control of these riches. It wasn't until about 1760 that they started to set up factories to increase access they had to the riches of India. http://www.gatewayforindia.com/history/british_history1.htm =1763-1789 Enlightened absolutist rulers seek to spur economic growth= The main Enlightened rulers who help provoke economic growth were Frederick the Great of Prussia, Joseph II of Austria, and Catherine the Great of Russia. Cathrine tried to suppress internal barriers to trade because of this the exports of grain, flax, furs and naval stores grew. Joseph reformed both economic and agriculture. He abolished many tariffs, encouraged road building, and improved river transport. This allowed more trading to go through Austria. Finally Frederick imported workers and established agriculture. He also drained swamps to increase farm land. All of the rulers increased the economy of their nation.

= = =1765 James Hargreaves spinning jenny= The textile industry was capable of producing the amount of cotton needed to use in the Industrial revolution but it did not have the technology to produce the cotton. The leaders of the industry would give rewards to anyone who could increase the amount of yarn they could produce.The spinning jenny which was invented by James Hargreaves was the answer to this problem and it also was a simple and an inexpensive machine that allowed more yarn to be made in the industry. It originally could only have 16 spindles going but by the end of the 18th century it could operate with 120. This machine broke the bottleneck between the productivity between the weavers and the spinners.

= = =1769 Richard Arkwright's water frame= The water frame was just an attachment to a textile that used water instead of the old way of cranking it yourself. The Water frame textile could be used to make a stronger thread of yarn from cotton and used a water wheel to power it. It was wanted by many people because of the quality yarn made from pure cotton without linen strips for durability. Thats why they started to call it a water frame. This was the first continuous and automatic textile machine which allowed the making of yarn to leave the private home and turn into a industry. Richard thought to use other means of power like horses because it was to big for a man to power. He decided that the water wheel would be the most efficient way to power the textile.Arkwright lost his patten on this machine and then others started to use it freely allowing many textile mills to go up. This machine helped bring the Industrial Revolution further along. [|http://inventors.about.com/od/indrevolution/ss/Industrial_Revo_5.htm]

=1773-1775 Pugachev's Rebellion= Pugachev's Rebellion was a peasant rebellion. This happened because the serfs were given by there nobles freely and were treated badly so when Pugachev said that they could be free and have land of their own away from the nobles the Rebellion started. This put Russia into turmoil for several months until the Russian government brutally put an end to the Rebellion. This stopped the thoughts of increasing the serfs rights for several years and would become a major reform when they gained more rights. =1787 Edmund Cartwright's power loom= Was the son of Richard Cartwright and he made the power loom which was meant for machine weaving and it was made late 1780s. This did not catch on until the industrial revolution. This was one of the machines that helped push the industrial revolution in its infant stage. This also didn't change the social life of the people when it was created. They still did most of the weaving at their home instead of buying the clothes. This would change latter on and since very few people bought clothes very few people were getting jobs working the power loom. =1789-1802 Revolution legislation restructures French poltical and economic life= =1794-1824 Wars of independence in Latin America break the coloial system= =media type="custom" key="12083443" align="right"=

= =