Religion+&+Culture+1700-1850

=__ WELCOME!!! __= In this wiki you will learn about the **religion & culture** of 1549-1781.toc

__ 1549--- English //Book of Common Prayer// __ //---//
A set of prayer books that were used in the Anglican church, published during the reign Edward VI. It was a direct result of the English Reformation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer

__ 1609--- Kepler, //The New Astronomy// __ //---//
Written by Johannes Kepler, a mathematician and astronomer. This book goes into great detail about to understand the orbit of Mars.This book also provided strong arguments for //heliocentrism (see Heliocentrism)// This book also is the first to mention the elliptical shape of the planets orbits. It is considered the most important book of the scientific revolution. references http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia_nova

__ 1632---Galileo, //Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the World---// __
A book by Galileo Galili, an italian astronomer, comparing the copernican system and the ptolemaic system of astronomy. The book was considered heresy at the time but was later an important astronomical tool. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialogue_Concerning_the_Two_Chief_World_Systems

__1637---Descartes, //Discourse on Method---//__
//Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting One's Reason and of Seeking Truth in the Science.// This is a philosophical treatise published in 1637. It is best known for the famous quote, "I think therefore i am". http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discourse_on_the_Method

__ 1651--- Hobbes, //Leviathan---// __
Leviathan or the Matter, Forme and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civil is the full name of it. It was published in 1651. It was about the structure of government and society and it was considered one of the most influential pieces of social contract theory. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leviathan_%28book%29

__ 1687---Newton, //Principia Mathematica---// __
Philosophiae Naturalis Principiia Mathematica is the full name. It is a set of three books and is considered " the singlemost important book in the history of science." It contained Newton's Laws of Motion,Newton's law of universal gravitaiton, and formed the foundation of classical mechanics.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principia_Mathematica

__ 1689--- English Toleration Act--- __
This allowed freedom of worship to nonconformists who dissented from the Church of England. It continued the social and political disabilities for dissenters, those who disagreed with their religion. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_of_Toleration_1689

__ 1721 Montesqiueu, Persian letters __
This is a novel consisting of 150 letters between two persian brothers written by Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu in 1721. It moves through the themes of reason, nationalism, exile, and comparative religion.

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__ 1733, Letters on the English--- __
In these 24 essays, written by Voltaire during his visit to England, Voltaire describes English government, religion, and society as he saw as an outsider. He expresses his appreciation of the simplicity of the Quakers. He said that the Anglicans were to set on superiority and he said the Presbyterians were too intolerant. He praised the british parliament for serving liberty, but he criticized them for entering religious wars. He expressed his belief that English trade was what led to their liberty. He also writes an essay on the art of Great Britain, quoting Shakespeare's famous soliloquy of "To be, or not to be".

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__1738-Votaire, Elements of the philosophy of Newton.__
This book, published in 1738 by Voltaire, a well known philosophe, was meant to popularize the theories of Newton. It consists of explanations of Newtons theories and placed Voltaire among the philosophes, rather than being known as a poet. reference

__1748 Hume, Treatise of human nature__
It is considered Hume's most important work and is often though to be the most important work in the history of philosophy. It was not met with as much excitement by the people of his time. [|reference]

__1782 Joseph II edict of toleration for the jews of Lower Austria-__
This document was a part of Joseph II attempt to make Austria into an enlightened state. This extended the religious freedom granted by the Patent of Toleration to Jews as well. It also allowed foreign protestants to immigrate to Austria and maintain jobs. It did not however grant them complete religous freedom. Congregations could be held of up to 100 people in a private home. If there were more than 100 people they were allowed to build a church that did not look like a church and that did not have a street entrance. Also if there were a mixed marriage, children born to a catholic father would be raised Catholic. This also allowed Jewish children to attend schools and for adults to maintain more jobs such as merchants.

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